An efficient system for generating the four-wave mixing (FWM) effect in a short length of a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is demonstrated using a ring configuration, which to our knowledge is the first of its kind to be reported. The conversion efficiency obtained is –4 dB for a HNLF length of 100 m when pumped with a 90 mW diode pump laser at 14

In this paper we propose and demonstrate an S-band Brillouin–Raman Fiber Laser (BRFL). The S-band BRFL utilizes a Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) as the non-linear gain medium in a linear cavity configuration and amplified by two 1425 nm, 380 mW pumped Raman Fiber Amplifiers (RFAs). A Brillouin Pump (BP) signal of 1515 nm at 12 dBm in power i

A first time O band Brillouin fiber laser is demonstrated and compared with the C band Brillouin fiber laser. By utilizing a 20 km True wave fiber (TWF), the experiment demonstrated four Brillouin lines gen erated from the simple setup of Brillouin fiber laser. We compared the threshold between the Brillouin pump wavelength at 1310 nm which represe

In this paper we propose and demonstrate a double-pass configuration of a compact high gain short wavelength (S-) band amplifier based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) operating from 1480 to 1520 nm. The proposed system provides gain value of 31.07 dB at a signal power level of -40 dBm taken at 1500 nm. The measure gain profile of the dou

When a water droplet impacts on a heated surface in the film boiling regime, it will spread, recede, and finally bounce off from the heated surface. These unique liquid-solid interactions only occur at high surface temperatures. Our main objective in this research is to measure the maximum spreading and residence time of the droplet and the finding

Despite numerous studies on belief systems, there are scarce sources that combine the distinct belief systems around the world. Human beings consist of myriad races, cultures, and lifestyles so it is necessary to know the beliefs that people hold on to for mutual understanding which eventually may lead to tolerance. Tolerance is one of the core con

Background: Although open tibial fractures are common in Malaysia, the outcomes for these patients have not been evaluated in the literature. This retrospective study was conducted to examine the factors associated with infection and non-union in open tibial fractures managed at Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Kuantan, in 2009. Methods: From 1

The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using an implicit finite-difference scheme. The results obtained for the skin friction coefficient as well as the velocity and microrotation or angular velocity profiles are shown in table and figures for different values of the material or micropolar parameter K.Sains M

ZnO films were deposited on Cu substrate using electrodeposition and thermal oxidation method. The effect of deposited thin film thickness varied with deposition time was discussed. Synthesized ZnO films were characterized using XRD, FE-SEM and electrical measurement. The results from electrical measurement showed the deposited ZnO exhibits pinched

Various socio-demographic, political and communication changes, among others, affect the popularity of a political party during the pandemic period. This study will focus on the role of leadership in understanding the ruling party, Perikatan Nasional (PN), within an electoral system that is subject to societal changes. A nationwide face-to-face sur