Many studies have been conducted to develop low cost catalysts to reduce the production cost. Several catalysts such as homogeneous/heterogeneous acid catalysts, homogeneous/heterogeneous base catalysts and biocatalysts (enzymes) have been studied and applied in the synthesis of biodiesel. Base- catalyzed transesterification is commonly used in com

Kemahiran menulis merupakan kemahiran berbahasa yang penting dalam menguasai bahasa Arab, terutama bagi pelajar di peringkat pengajian tinggi. Pelajar perlu diberi latihan menulis yang berterusan melalui modul pembelajaran yang sesuai. Namun begitu, modul pembelajaran kemahiran menulis yang berasaskan regulasi kendiri masih kurang dalam pembelajara

Biodiesel is an alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels due to its low gas emission and economical value. This study aims to extract caustic potash (KOH) from spent tea and to optimize the transesterfication process based on parameters such as amount of catalyst, reaction temperature and methanol to oil ratio. The spent tea was first dried at 60�

Bioremediation offers a sustainable approach for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the environment; however, information regarding the microbial communities involved remains limited. In this study, microbial community dynamics and the abundance of the key gene (PAH-RHDα) encoding a ring hydroxylating dioxygenase involved in P

The Muslim community has recently become more aware of the food they eat, especially Muslim minorities in secular areas. This awereness is increased along with increasing adulteration and substitution of expensive meat for cheaper material. Hence, meat authentication has become a major concern for both consumers and researchers alike. Many analytic

The International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) was established in 1983. Its vision is “to become a leading international centre of educational excellence which seeks to restore the dynamic and progressive role of the Muslim Ummah in all branches of knowledge and intellectual discourse”. Its mission is abridged in the notions and values of

Background This study aimed to fabricate a denture base resin (DBR) containing phytoncide microcapsules (PTMCs) and determine the mechanical properties of the resin and antifungal activity. Methods Fifty‐four heat cured rectangular DBR specimens (64 x 10 x 3.3 ± 0.2 mm) containing nine concentrations of PTMC between 0 ‐ 5% (wt/wt) were fabrica

So difficult and complex is the predicament of Muslims nowadays that it, perhaps, has no equal in history. The problems and challenges are ubiquitous and global in character, encompassing all aspects of life. However, the most critical and so, most systematically targeted are such aspects as are related to spirituality, morality and education. The

This article aims to provide a case study of the light rail transit (LRT) in the Klang Valley, Malaysia from the users’ perspective on the usage of the LRT. It explores factors that influence customer satisfaction in using the LRT such as safety, convenience, accessibility, affordability and meeting customer expectation. The study uses a quantita

This book deals with the themes of the history and architecture of al-Masjid al-Haram. In the book, unless otherwise stated or implied, by al-Masjid al-Haram it is meant the Ka’bah and its immediate surrounding spaces and areas intended for facilitating the performing of religious rites and services, and by the Ka’bah it is meant only the Ka’