Once the knowledge about the basic performance parameters is gained it is possible to evaluate the performance of FSO links. Such is done firstly by evaluating all possible losses present in the channel, such as geometric, atmospheric and optical losses [1, 2]. Geometric losses are greatly dependent on the divergence angle and distance while atmosp

Rapidly changed computer technology and fast growth of communication ways, makes everyday work easy and managed. Technology takes place everywhere, in business, education, market, security... etc. However, communication between human and these technologies become the main concern of many research areas, especially for developing automatic identity

It is a reality that European countries have been experiencing a very difficult financial clises that make their economy collapsible . After spending long time of analyzing, the Europe countries economy , scholars have found that one of most challengeable factors that led to have such CI1ses is applying the capitalism economy system which they fina

يتناول هذا البحث موضوع انعكاسات التطور الدلالي فى المصطلحات الحاسوبية، ويظهر مدى تطور دلالة تلك المفردات المستخدمة فى مجال الحاسوب. وعبر تتبعنا لهذا الموضوع يتضح لنا كيفية تطور تلك الكلمات د�

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of the Big Five Dimensions of personality of the Malaysian Managers and the leadership styles these managers use on their leading change capabilities. Total sample of 105 managers was used in this study. The results of this study revealed that the Malaysian managers tend to enjoy personalities t

The study is essentially an exploratory survey, which sets out to obtain some concrete information on the students’ knowledge and understanding of, and attitudes towards, the favourite themes of fieldwork approaches to history in the Integrated Curriculum for Secondary Schools (ICSS), Malaysia. The researcher employed the ‘stratified-random sam

The prevalence of tax avoidance practices has necessitated several efforts in understanding the determinants of the menace. While these efforts are highly commendable, the studies so far lack the proper construct for measuring the term ‘corporate tax avoidance’. This has posed some limitations to the interpretation of research findings in this

This study discusses the aim and objectives of teaching and learning of history, Integrated Curriculum for Secondary School (ICSS), Malaysia. The introduction of this subject should help to develop skills in pupils in communication, understanding concepts, to extend vocabulary and use of language in different contexts, to encourage discussion, and,

This study attempts to investigate the views, processes, and, best practice of conflict management among the MARA - Majlis Amanah Rakyat or Board of People Trust – teachers in the MARA education institutions. The sample of the study was 306 teachers conveniently selected from MARA education institutions in Malaysia. The data was processed using t

Clusiaceae / Guttiferae an evergreen shrubs or trees, it is considered as a family of 27 genera and 1090 species. Calophyllum rubiginosum one of these species and belongs to this family. In Malaysia they use it as folk remedies, where they believe its’ activity. Problem: Evaluation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of three fractions. n-hex