System identification in vibrating environments has been a matter of concern for researchers in many disciplines of science and engineering. In this paper, a sound approach for a Twin Rotor Multi-input Multi-Output System (TRMS) parametric modeling is proposed based on dynamic spread factor particle swarm optimization. Particle swarm optimization (

The concern for and the debate on “objectivity” in the scientific study of religions led scholars to advocate two major approaches known as “History of Religion” and “Phenomenology of Religion.” Both approaches are claimed to be “descriptive” and “value-free” as they stringently enforce the principle of epochê or distanciation

Electrical Discharge machining (EDM) is a thermal process in which sparks discharging with high energy density at high temperatures are used to melt and evaporate a small amount of workpiece. Under this condition, both the cutting tool (electrode) and the workpiece are subjected to very intensive heat energy generated in the system, and thus implyi

A dynamic control system design has been a great demand in the control engineering community, with many applications particularly in the field of flight control. This paper presents investigations into the development of a dynamic nonlinear inverse-model based control of a twin rotor multi-input multi-output system (TRMS). The TRMS is an aerodynami

This paper presents a scrutinized investigation to control the rigid body motion of a laboratory scale helicopter, a twin rotor multi input multi output system (TRMS), using PID control. The controller is optimized using a real-coded genetic algorithm (GA). Instead of working on the conventional bit by bit operation in binary coded GA, both the cro

In this investigation, the powder metallurgy (PM) electrode developed from cobalt (Co)and chromium (Cr) powders was used in electrical discharge machining (EDM). This new Co-Cr sintered electrode was used to machine mild steel workpiece with kerosene dielectric fluid. The main objective is to modify its surface characteristics and secure increased

Muslims are lagging behind in many areas in the today’s world. One main reason for that is the concept of and belief in Predestination. This concept of and belief in Predestination is consequent upon interpretation of certain verses in the Qur’an and certain sayings of the Last Prophet (s.a.w.). Eleven verses from the Qur’an and five traditio

Many Muslim scholars such as Abu ‘Ubayd (d.224 A.H.), al-Nahhaas (d.377 A.H.), Makki (d.437 A.H.), Ibn al-‘Arabi (d543 A.H.), ibn al-Jawzi (d.597 A.H.), al-Zarkashi (d.794 A.H.), al-Suyuti (d.911 A.H.), al-Dehlawi (d.1176 A.H.), and al-Zurqani (d.1948 C.E.) have aggressively argued that some verses—ranging from five hundred to only five—of

Powder metallurgy (P/M) electrodes are additional innovation in the operation of electrical discharge machining (EDM). In this process the EDM cutting tool is produced from powders by the P/M compaction method. This research project aims to develop the P/M compacted electrodes from powders and used them to modify the surfaces of the work materials.

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains as one of the most neglected tropical diseases with over 60% of the world’s total VL cases occurring in the Indian subcontinent. Due to the invasive risky procedure and technical expertise required in the classical parasitological diagnosis, the goal of the VL experts has been to develop noninvasive