The research attempts to reveal the emergence of hardliner Muslim group in Indonesia who from the inception got the ambition to establish an Islamic government with the application of the Shariah. The Islamic State of Indonesia known as Negara Islam Indonesia (NII) was proclaimed in 17 of August, 1949, in West Java by S.M. karosoewirjo. Since the d

This paper examines the impact of democracy and democratization on contemporary Muslim societies. The institutional and philosophical approaches to democracy and democratization are inseparable. The paper investigates the relationship between the philosophical dimension of Western democracy and the Muslim philosophy of life and concludes that the d

Nowadays, most Higher Education Institutions(HEI) rely on Information and Communication Technology(ICT) for all aspects of their activities such as administration, teaching, learning and research services. Even though the adoption of ICT in higher education has been extensive since mid 1990s, it has failed to produce the radical changes in learning

Classical jurists have rigorously studied siyar (the foreign policy of the Islamic state), describing the nature of the principles and norms that influenced the formulation of siyar. On the basis of these principles and norms, the jurists formulated rulings to describe the nature of the relationship of the Islamic state with others. This study exam

This paper presents the design of two different H∞ robust controllers for a single axis positioning system via two different schemes; The 2 H∞ robust controller, which is suitable for accurate tracking performance and an integrator-H∞ robust controller which can also be tuned for accurate tracking. However, each approach has some certain feat

This introduction examines the various aspects of short stories written by Asian and diasporic writers from different Asian societies in the English language. It also introduces the authors and stories in the collection. Furthermore, the introduction focuses on the past, present and future of literature in English in the Asian societies or among tr

Problem statement: Chip shape and size varied widely in machining operations. Undesirable chip formation had a detrimental effect on surface finish, work-piece accuracy, chatter and tool life. Approach: This study included the findings of an experimental study on the instabilities of the chip formation and development of a mathematical model based

The intent of this paper is to review some timestampbased password authentication schemes using smart cards which have similar working principles. Many of the proposed timestampbased password authentication schemes were subsequently found to be insecure. Here, we investigate three schemes with similar working principles, show that they are vulnerab

A new technique was developed for the investigation of chatter formation considering the instability of the closed-loop system formed by machine tool structure and metal-cutting process. Machine tool structure indicates the importance of different system components and it’s dominating mode frequencies whereas the metal cutting process indicates t

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), composed of a huge number of resource-constrained sensors can be used for a large number of securitysensitive applications. Regardless of the type of application, smooth collection and delivery of data from this type of network is one of the critical requirements. If the data supply process is hampered and thus the ex