Research Output | Dar Al-hikmah Library | IIUM Only
In diabetic macular edema, vascular endothelial damage is a major event that results in the breakdown of the inner blood-retinal barrier and accumulation of fluid and serum macromolecules in the intracellular space.1 The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy reported that 32% of patients developed macular edema within 22 to 24 years