We compare the performance of different optical code schemes that are used in optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) systems. This is realized by considering a bidirectional OCDMA system of single passive optical network (SPON) and multiple passive optical network (MPON). Our results show Multi-Diagonal (MD) has less performance in compariso

Background: Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world’s population is expected to increase. Screening for individuals with risk of developing DM may help early detection to prevent diabetic retinopathy. Smartphone-assisted fundus photography (SAFP) may be a valuable screening tool to detect early retinal DM-related changes. Digital retinal

يَدْرُسُ هذا البحث مادّة البلاغة منهجاً، وتعليماً، وتعلّماً في كليّة اللُّغات والإدارة التابعة للجامعة الإسلاميّة العالميّة في ماليزيا، من خلال المنهج الوصفيّ التحليليّ الميدانيّ، وقد تمّ�

The purpose of this study is to attempt to clarify the importance of science of logic in Al-Farabi conception and its elation to the tertiary education, and to come out with method that should be employed in teaching logic. I will also explain the applicability of these methods. This may encourage students to see its importance in their education.

The Islamic economic system and Islamic banks and financial institutions have spread in the Islamic and non-Islamic world in recent decades, and Islamic financial transactions have imposed themselves on most economic institutions around the world, and the proportion of money invested in the world that conforms to the provisions of Islamic Sharia ha

Background: In Malaysia, although the number of Shisha smokers has not exceeded the regular cigarette users, waterpipe smoking (Shisha) has been appeared as a new form of tobacco use, especially among the new generation. This study aims to describe the comparative characteristics, familiarities, and motives for Shisha use in some states of Malaysia

Introduction: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is scarcity of literature reviews that describes and summarises T2DM patients' knowledge and perception about CVD prevention. Objectives: To describe and summarise the assessment of knowledge and percept

Optimization of Ultrasound-assisted extraction parameters is necessary to determine the optimum level of the parameters, including solvent-to-material ratio, power, extraction time, solvent concentration, temperature, and pH. This review focuses on the UAE parameters' effects on the antioxidant activity, their interactions, and the best method

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have recently experienced rapid development and garnered significant attention from various populations. They have drastically changed the way we learn as well as how we teach. The main aim of MOOCs is to provide new opportunities to a massive number of learners to attend online courses from anywhere all over the

Purpose: This study investigated pharmacy students’ perceptions of various aspects of virtual objective structured clinical examinations (vOSCEs) conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Malaysia. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved third- and fourth-year pharmacy students at the International Islamic University Malaysia