FSO is a developing technology that has a great chance to compliment the traditional wireless communications and offer some inherent advantages compared to microwave links due to transmitting higher speed of data, easily deployment,and no license spectrum required. However, FSO is very vulnerable to the climatological phenomena such as fog, snow,ra

Daily rainfall prediction is important in water resources management in order to estimate long term forecasting for future usage. This paper utilizes Artificial Immune System (AIS) algorithm for daily rainfall prediction where rainfall is used as input nodes. AIS have the abilities of self-organizing, memory, recognition, adaptive and learning, ins

Tobacco-related diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. Tobacco use must be reduced and controlled. Due to its low cost, internet intervention has a high probability of attracting a large number of smokers, however, more research is needed to determine its most effective use. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of onli

Today’s high-tech consumer market demand complex, portable personal wireless consumer devices which are low-cost and have small sizes. Creative methods of combining mature integrated circuit (IC) fabrication techniques with innovative radio-frequency micro-electro-mechanical systems (RF-MEMS) devices has given birth to wireless transceiver compon

Knowledge management and discovery play great role in business to improve the quality of information and help decision making process to issue accurate decision. However; those tools may employed in interest safety for kids, families need to verify whether specific kid website is an appropriate and helpful for kids. The main challenge of those tool

An encyclopedia entry detailing the meaning, history, and causes of suicide terrorism. In addition, the characteristics of suicide terrorists are highlighted and the entry ends with some ways of countering suicide terrorism.

Advancement in telecommunication combined with improved information technology infrastructures has opened up new dimensions in e-health environment. Such technologies make readily available to access, store, manipulate and replicate medical information and images. These technologies help reduced the time and effort in diagnoses and treatment at low

Counterfeiting and piracy are among substantial oldest problems associated with intellectual properties. With the advent of interconnected networks nowadays, the problems are expanding in scope and magnitude as well as increasing economic and social impact. The negative impacts of this development on associated industries and their employees have r

The purpose of this study was to identify social, economic, and psychological factors in street racing in Malaysia. The study also assessed gender differences in terms of the causes of participation in street racing, and the street racers’ personality in terms of spiritual well-being, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. A snowball sample of 122 stree

Counterfeiting and piracy of intellectual properties are often pointed to as an indispensable problems across the globe, though more intense in some region than others. Currently over millions of digital audio files like digital songs are copied illegally during file-sharing over the networks, costing loss of revenue to the music and broadcasting i