In primary care, chest X-rays are commonly performed to assess patients presenting with a prolonged cough. However, the extent to which the films are accurately interpreted depends on the skill of the doctors. Doctors with insufficient experience may miss an exact diagnosis when evaluating a film, especially in patients with nonspecific symptoms, s

Chest X-ray is valuable in the primary care setting in helping clinicians to confirm the underlying findings of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This view also includes the lower cervical vertebrae region which is helpful in elaborating the findings surrounding the neck. However, a single view of the film may sometimes cause confusion re

Chest X-ray is valuable in the primary care setting in helping clinicians to confirm the underlying findings of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This view also includes the lower cervical vertebrae region which is helpful in elaborating the findings surrounding the neck. However, a single view of the film may sometimes cause confusion re

“Sir, how are you today?” That is one of the conversation starters used by some doctors in the clinic when meeting their chronic patients who came for follow up treatments. A simple enquiry like that can induce a greater response from the patient, not just focusing on the level of management of their physical illness but also the patient’s em

Introduction: Long waiting time is a common issue complained by diabetic patients that came for an early morning appointment in a health clinic. Therefore, an audit was conducted among diabetic patients in a primary care clinic with the aim to assess the patients’ waiting time and to formulate strategies for improvement. Methods: This audit was c

Number of active smokers in Malaysia is increasing despite availability of stop smoking clinics and smoking cessation medications. Thus, the practice of the healthcare professionals involved in providing smoking cessation intervention using evidence-based guidelines needs to be assessed using validated assessment tool. Newly invented reliable and v

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram pancreatography (ERCP) and biliary stenting is a minimally invasive procedure widely utilised to relieve biliary obstruction. Although not common, it is related with several possible complications. Stent migration causing duodenal perforation is 1 of its rare complications as being described in several previous c

The blockchain mechanism in managing refuse management for a household, is much needed to facilitate peer to peer exchange of data and consent within the community. This can be publicly accessible yet very secure using unanimous user authentication protection system through the blockchain mechanism. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to identi

The refuse management in Malaysia had experienced high degradation, and this had caused a massive loss of ecosystem services due to significant pollution. Added with low community engagement to clean the environment, a lot of refuse management system being developed through apps is left unattended by them. One of the significant drawbacks of today

The objectives of this study are to study the development of the fruit of Ficus carica as affected by the different rates of chicken manure. The experiment was conducted at Glasshouse and Nursery Complex (GNC), IIUM Kuantan Campus. The experiment was arranged in a randomized, completely block design (RCBD). Four rates of chicken manure used were 0